Classification of Aspergillus Niger

Classification of Aspergillus niger is important due to A. niger's status as a human and animal health hazard. Correct classification requires some knowledge of mycology, or the study of fungi, as there are hundreds of species of Aspergillus fungus. There are various methods of identification, with more becoming available in the 2000s due to advances in biotechnology.

Classification

The taxonomic, or hierarchical, classification of Aspergillus niger places it as the species A. niger; in the genus Aspergillus, the family Trichocomaceae, the order Eurotiales, the phylum Ascomycota and the kingdom Fungi. The genus Aspergillus includes more than 185 other species similar to A. niger. Approximately 20 of these species are known to cause human fungal infections, with A. niger being the most common infecting agent of the genus.

Identification

Doctors emphasize the importance of early detection of Aspergillus niger in potentially affected individuals due to fast growth of the fungus and the medical significance of its presence. In the past, A. niger was identified and classified using its physical features visible both to the naked eye and with a microscope. Recently, biochemical, molecular, and immunological methods have also become available to complement older classification techniques. Different methods are useful for different purposes, but overall the use of multiple methods is best to overcome any identification errors.

Features

Aspergillus niger is a common, versatile fungus with a thready appearance and a soft texture. Color is initially white but soon turns black on the top side, while the bottom side remains pale yellow. A. niger grows quickly, like most Aspergillus species. There are also microscopic features distinct to A. niger that a mycologist can use to classify a sample.

Clinical Importance

Aspergillus niger commonly follows ear infections into human ears and sometimes infects the lungs of people with weak immune systems. Aspergillus infection, also called aspergillosis, can occasionally occur in nearly any organ or organ system of the human body. Correct classification of the infestation, whether it be A. niger or any other fungal invader, is important for determining how to treat it. A. niger is toxic to eat, and infections on fruits, vegetables or grains can lead to cases of food poisoning in acute doses or cancer with chronic consumption. Some people are also allergic to A. niger.

Veterinary Importance

Animals are also susceptible to aspergillosis, particularly the lungs of birds. Consumption of food tainted with A. niger can cause abortions in sheep and cattle and death for poultry. Classification is useful for determining the proper ways to find and remove fungi from areas where animals are kept. New tools and knowledge for controlling A. niger are becoming available all the time.


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